Chapter 5 Section 5 Reading Guide and the Chapter 5 Readings (03/24/2020)

Reading guide - 

1. Astronomy: the branch of science which deals with celestial objects, space, and the physical universe as a whole it also means the study of planets and living organisms on a planet or living place 

2. Mathematics: the abstract science of number, quantity, and space. Mathematics may be studied in its own right, or as it is applied to other disciplines such as physics and engineering. 

3. Physics: the branch of science concerned with the nature and properties of matter and energy. The subject matter of physics, distinguished from that of chemistry and biology, includes mechanics, heat, light and other radiation, sound, electricity, magnetism, and the structure of atoms.

4. Philosophy: the study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence, especially when considered as an academic discipline.

Terms and Names - 

Hellenistic- relating to Greek history, language, and culture from the death of Alexander the Great to the defeat of Cleopatra and Mark Antony by Octavian in 31 BC. During this period Greek culture flourished, spreading through the Mediterranean and into the Near East and Asia and centering on Alexandria in Egypt and Pergamum in Turkey.

Alexandria - Alexandria is a port city located on the Mediterranean Sea in northern Egypt founded in 331 BCE by Alexander the Great

Euclid - Euclid, sometimes called Euclid of Alexandria to distinguish him from Euclid of Megara, was a Greek mathematician, often referred to as the "founder of geometry" or the "father of geometry". He was active in Alexandria during the reign of Ptolemy I.

Archimedes - Archimedes of Syracuse was a Greek mathematician, physicist, engineer, inventor, and astronomer. Although few details of his life are known, he is regarded as one of the leading scientists in classical antiquity.

Colossus of Rhodes- was a statue of the Greek sun-god Helios, erected in the city of Rhodes, on the Greek island of the same name, by Chares of Lindos in 280 BC. One of the seven wonders of the ancient world

Using your reading guide- 

2. Which Hellenistic achievement had the greatest impact? Why?

Herophilos (335-280 BCE), who was the first to base medical conclusions on dissection of the human body and to describe the nervous system. This was when they first started getting into the science behind the human body and made a large impact on science at the time. 

Main ideas - 

3. How did trade contribute to cultural diversity in the Hellenistic city of Alexandria?

It created a Hellenistic culture, which was a mix of Greek, Persian, Egyptian and Indian, cultures. What do you think was the greatest scientific advance of the Hellenistic period? The ideas from Archimedes because they were used to make many tools.

4. How did Euclid influence some of the developments in astronomy during the Hellenistic period?

Euclid influenced some of the developments in astronomy during the Hellenistic Period by writing the Elements, which espoused proofs and principles that Hellenic astronomers would use as foundational beliefs in their study of the sun, earth,

5. What did Stoicism and Epicureanism have in common?

Epicureanism teaches that we should always avoid these. ... In summary, a simple heuristic to remember the difference between the Stoics and the Epicureans: The Stoics cared about virtuous behavior and living according to nature, while the Epicureans were all about avoiding pain and seeking natural and necessary pleasure