The Power of the Church and the Crusades ~ Monday, May 11, 2020
Reading Guide:
1. The Benedictine monastery was founded at Cluny.
The reformers there wanted to return to the basic principles of the Christian religion.
2. The power of the pope was extended.
In the 1100s and 1200s, the Church was restructured to resemble a kingdom, with the pope at its head.
3. Nearly 500 Gothic cathedrals were built and decorated between 1170 and 1270.
Unlike the heavy, gloomy Romanesque buildings, Gothic cathedrals thrust upward as if reaching toward heaven.
4. The Byzantine emperor appealed to the Count of Flanders for help.
The emperor asked for help against the Muslim Turks.
5. Pope Urban II issued a call for a Crusade.
Shortly after this appeal, he issued a call for what he termed a "holy war," a Crusade, to gain control of the Holy Land.
6. There was an outpouring of support for the First Crusade.
Pope Urban's call brought a tremendous outpouring of religious feeling and support for the Crusade.
7. Four feudal Crusader states were formed, each ruled by a European noble.
The Crusaders' states were extremely vulnerable to Muslim counterattack.
8. Jerusalem remained under Muslim control, though unarmed Christian pilgrims could visit the city’s
holy places.
Saladin promised that unarmed Christian pilgrims could freely visit the city's holy places.
9. In Spain, Isabella and Ferdinand used the Inquisition to suppress heretics.
Many Jews and Muslims in Spain converted to Christianity during the late 1400s.
10. European kings strengthened their own power as a result of the Crusades.
The Crusades are a forceful example of the power of the Church during the medieval period.
Terms and Names:
simony - the buying or selling of ecclesiastical privileges, for example, pardons or benefices.
Gothic - relating to the Goths or their extinct East Germanic language, which provides the earliest manuscript evidence of any Germanic language (4th–6th centuries AD).
Urban II - Pope Urban II, otherwise known as Odo of Châtillon or Otho de Lagery, was the bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States from 12 March 1088 to his death. He is best known for initiating the Crusades. Odo was a native of France. He was a descendant of a noble family in Châtillon-Sur-Marne.
Crusade - a medieval military expedition, one of a series made by Europeans to recover the Holy Land from the Muslims in the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries.
Saladin - An-Nasir Salah ad-Din Yusuf ibn Ayyub, known as Salah ad-Din or Saladin, was the first sultan of Egypt and Syria and the founder of the Ayyubid dynasty. A Sunni Muslim of Kurdish ethnicity, Saladin led the Muslim military campaign against the Crusader states in the Levant.
Richard the Lion-Hearted - Richard I was King of England from 1189 until his death. He also ruled as Duke of Normandy, Aquitaine, and Gascony, Lord of Cyprus, Count of Poitiers, Anjou, Maine, and Nantes, and was overlord of Brittany at various times during the same period.
Reconquista - The Reconquista was the period in the history of the Iberian Peninsula of about 780 years between the Umayyad conquest of Hispania in 711 and the fall of the Nasrid kingdom of Granada to the expanding Christian kingdoms in 1492
Inquisition - a period of prolonged and intensive questioning or investigation.
Using your Notes:
2. Which of the events of the Age of Faith do you think was most important to the Church? Explain.
I believe that the reform was the most important because the church still follows the law of me during that time. Example: not being able to marry once a priest.
Main Ideas :
3. What were the three main causes of the need to reform the Church?
Many village priests married and had families such marriages were against church ruling. Bishop sold positions in the church a practice called simony
Using the practice of lay investiture kings appointed church bishops. Church reformers believed that church alone should a point their shops.
4. Which Crusade was the only successful one?
The first crusade
5. How did the goals of the Crusades change over the years?
Religious goals gave way to personal and economic gain.
1. The Benedictine monastery was founded at Cluny.
The reformers there wanted to return to the basic principles of the Christian religion.
2. The power of the pope was extended.
In the 1100s and 1200s, the Church was restructured to resemble a kingdom, with the pope at its head.
3. Nearly 500 Gothic cathedrals were built and decorated between 1170 and 1270.
Unlike the heavy, gloomy Romanesque buildings, Gothic cathedrals thrust upward as if reaching toward heaven.
4. The Byzantine emperor appealed to the Count of Flanders for help.
The emperor asked for help against the Muslim Turks.
5. Pope Urban II issued a call for a Crusade.
Shortly after this appeal, he issued a call for what he termed a "holy war," a Crusade, to gain control of the Holy Land.
6. There was an outpouring of support for the First Crusade.
Pope Urban's call brought a tremendous outpouring of religious feeling and support for the Crusade.
7. Four feudal Crusader states were formed, each ruled by a European noble.
The Crusaders' states were extremely vulnerable to Muslim counterattack.
8. Jerusalem remained under Muslim control, though unarmed Christian pilgrims could visit the city’s
holy places.
Saladin promised that unarmed Christian pilgrims could freely visit the city's holy places.
9. In Spain, Isabella and Ferdinand used the Inquisition to suppress heretics.
Many Jews and Muslims in Spain converted to Christianity during the late 1400s.
10. European kings strengthened their own power as a result of the Crusades.
The Crusades are a forceful example of the power of the Church during the medieval period.
Terms and Names:
simony - the buying or selling of ecclesiastical privileges, for example, pardons or benefices.
Gothic - relating to the Goths or their extinct East Germanic language, which provides the earliest manuscript evidence of any Germanic language (4th–6th centuries AD).
Urban II - Pope Urban II, otherwise known as Odo of Châtillon or Otho de Lagery, was the bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States from 12 March 1088 to his death. He is best known for initiating the Crusades. Odo was a native of France. He was a descendant of a noble family in Châtillon-Sur-Marne.
Crusade - a medieval military expedition, one of a series made by Europeans to recover the Holy Land from the Muslims in the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries.
Saladin - An-Nasir Salah ad-Din Yusuf ibn Ayyub, known as Salah ad-Din or Saladin, was the first sultan of Egypt and Syria and the founder of the Ayyubid dynasty. A Sunni Muslim of Kurdish ethnicity, Saladin led the Muslim military campaign against the Crusader states in the Levant.
Richard the Lion-Hearted - Richard I was King of England from 1189 until his death. He also ruled as Duke of Normandy, Aquitaine, and Gascony, Lord of Cyprus, Count of Poitiers, Anjou, Maine, and Nantes, and was overlord of Brittany at various times during the same period.
Reconquista - The Reconquista was the period in the history of the Iberian Peninsula of about 780 years between the Umayyad conquest of Hispania in 711 and the fall of the Nasrid kingdom of Granada to the expanding Christian kingdoms in 1492
Inquisition - a period of prolonged and intensive questioning or investigation.
Using your Notes:
2. Which of the events of the Age of Faith do you think was most important to the Church? Explain.
I believe that the reform was the most important because the church still follows the law of me during that time. Example: not being able to marry once a priest.
Main Ideas :
3. What were the three main causes of the need to reform the Church?
Many village priests married and had families such marriages were against church ruling. Bishop sold positions in the church a practice called simony
Using the practice of lay investiture kings appointed church bishops. Church reformers believed that church alone should a point their shops.
4. Which Crusade was the only successful one?
The first crusade
5. How did the goals of the Crusades change over the years?
Religious goals gave way to personal and economic gain.
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