The Power of the Church Tuesday, March 5th, 2020

Reading Guide: 

ACTIONS = ORANGE 
CAUSES = GREEN 
OUTCOMES = BLUE 

1. Otto invades Italy on pope’s behalf. 
Fallowing Charlemagne's footsteps. 
Otto was rewarded by being crowned emperor.

2. Pope Gregory bans lay investiture. 
The church began to resent the control that kings exercised over clergy and their offices. 
Henry IV immediately called a meeting of German Bishops he appointed.

3. Henry IV travels to Canossa.
Tired to win the Pope's forgiveness.
Henry waited in snow for 3 days.
Henry's ex-communication ended. Henry rushed home and punished nobles who rebelled against him. Pope gained even greater victory by humiliating him.

4. Representatives of the Church and the emperor meet in Worms.
Gregory and Henry's successors fought over lay investiture until 1122.
Compromise- The concordant of worms - the church alone could grant a bishop his ring and staff, yet the emperor had the appointment of a bishop.

5. Lombard League fights Battle of Legnano.
Frederick did not focus on building royal power. Instead, he invaded the rich cities of Italy. His brutal tactics, Italian merchants united against him and formed the Lombard League.
Lombard League defeated Frederick and his feudal knights for the first time in history. Frederick made peace with the Pope and returned to Germany.

Terms and names: 

clergy - the body of all people ordained for religious duties, especially in the Christian Church.

sacrament - the consecrated elements of the Eucharist, especially the bread or Host.

canon law - ecclesiastical law, especially (in the Roman Catholic Church) that laid down by papal pronouncements.

 Holy Roman Empire -  The Holy Roman Empire, often unofficially referred to as the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation, was a multi-ethnic complex of territories in Western and Central Europe that developed during the Early Middle Ages and continued until its dissolution in 1806 during the Napoleonic Wars.

lay investiture - The appointment of religious officials

Using your Notes:

2. Which of the events were power struggles between the Church and rulers? Explain.

In 1075, the lay investiture was banned. In 1077, King Henry IV journeyed to Canossa. In 1122, the Concordat at Worms was compromised on lay investiture. In 1176, the Battle of Legnano took place. All were power struggles because the duties and privileges of the Church and state were continuously changing during this time.

Main Ideas: 

3. What were some of the matters covered by canon law?

Marriage and religious practices were some of the matters covered by canon law.

4. How did Otto the Great make the crown stronger than the German nobles?

Otto the Great followed the practices of Charlemagne by gaining the support of church officials and formed a close alliance with the church and sought help from clergy.

5. Why did lay investiture cause a struggle between kings and popes?

The lay investiture disagreed over who had the power to appoint church officials.